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Executive Intelligence Review (EIR), VA
July 10 2006
This article appears in the July 14, 2006 issue of Executive
Intelligence Review.
June in Russia: A Month of Surprises
by Roman Bessonov
Since his elevation to the Russian Presidency in 1999, Vladimir
Putin regularly takes political analysts by surprise. This year it
is happening more and more frequently.
For professional political analysts, Putin's decisions in diplomacy,
foreign trade, and domestic policy, especially when it comes to
personnel assignments, bring on real headaches. Forced to give some
plausible explanation of the latest trip abroad, or a new appointment
at home, the commentators often invent two or three parallel versions
of what might be behind it. Sometimes it turns out that all the
explanations were wrong, and the real significance of the event is
revealed months, or even years, later.
After a series of such analytic flops, the disgraced domestic and
foreign pundits have found an excuse for their own lack of insight:
Allegedly, Putin's unpredictability is rooted in his former career
in the intelligence service.
This theory is less than convincing. Two previous candidates to succeed
Boris Yeltsin as President, Yevgeni Primakov and Sergei Stepashin, also
originated from the intelligence community. But their major political
moves were fairly predictable. It was impossible to miss, for instance,
that Primakov would strike a political alliance with Moscow Mayor Yuri
Luzhkov and then-Prosecutor General Yuri Skuratov. The same goes for
Stepashin's clumsy flirtation with ex-Premier Victor Chernomyrdin and
the latter's U.S. partner, Al Gore, on the eve of both the Russian
and the American Presidential elections in 2000.
The disgrace of these contenders for the succession was explained at
the time by Yeltsin's suspicious nature. He was presumed to be trying
to make sure that his name would not be smeared, and his family would
not face problems, after he retired.
Power transitions in Russia historically have been really
troublesome. But egocentric fear was not necessarily Yeltsin's sole
motive. Persons close to him indicate that the ambitious ex-chief of
the Sverdlovsk Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
was less than satisfied with the political place and reputation he had
earned, due precisely to the policies of his patrons and sympathizers
in the West. Consciously or subconsciously, Yeltsin could have been
trying to select a successor, who would not share his weak points;
who would be most likely to avoid his mistakes, and to serve as a
guarantor not only of his own family interests, but of something
larger-what he regarded as the "throne."
In two years of work as Russia's national security chief, a post he
entered by surprise, at the unprecedentedly low rank of colonel,
Vladimir Putin had earned the highest confidence. Which of his
qualities impressed Yeltsin? This secret has never been revealed in
any of the numerous writings of the elder or the younger political
careerists, as they attempted to hype their own role in the
non-transparent selection of Putin.
In August 1999, informed observers were expecting the replacement
of the Prime Minister. Still, none of the renowned specialists in
politics and political psychology could explain why precisely Putin
was the one who appeared to become Yeltsin's new and last favorite.
None of those specialists ever tried to estimate the real challenge
faced by Putin when he inherited the authority to govern, with only
two years of experience in a top position, the ambiguous status of
being chosen by a very unpopular predecessor, no experience in military
affairs, and a great lack of knowledge of national and global economic
reality at a time of epochal changes.
Seven years have passed since the Summer of 1999, when Yeltsin
resigned, entrusting to Putin the immense burden of responsibility over
this huge country, which he received with half-stalled industries,
abandoned agriculture, a dysfunctional tax system, and huge gaps in
revenue. Social guarantees had collapsed; wage and pension arrears
were unpaid in many regions for months or years. Financial oligarchs,
well protected at home and abroad, exercised arbitrary rule over
parts of the economy. Russia's military and security capabilities
were devastated, hardly able to deal with a terrorist insurgency
along the strategic southern borders.
It was a complicated mess, where all the fragmented social groups were
interwoven in murky connections. The posterity of first post-Soviet
Premier Yegor Gaidar's "institutionalist" reforms, along with the
later deals between a shaky Kremlin and unbridled nouveaux riches,
had given birth to powerful clans, involving state officials,
businessmen, customs officials, police officers, and gangsters. The
control of electronic mass media by the very people who donated
money and equipment to armed separatists was just one example. This
perversion was described neither in social science textbooks, nor in
classified intelligence reports.
Could he improve the situation by focussing on any particular problem,
without involving others? In order to re-establish social security,
it was necessary to increase revenue. In order to gain control
over the egocentric private interests, one needed to reinforce the
government apparatus. In order to combat separatist tendencies,
the entire administrative system needed to be completely reorganized.
Could a perverted reality be managed by any ordinary means? A good
lesson was the purge in Gazprom, which Putin initiated too soon, too
abruptly, and too openly. Before the new team could start its work,
half of the natural gas monopoly's assets were siphoned off into
private havens, and it took the company over a year to recoup them.
Could Putin rely on his own intelligence community? Since the early
1990s, a lot of qualified officers had resigned from the intelligence
bodies, joining banks and corporations, where they could achieve a
far higher social status than before. In the depleted ranks of the
intelligence community, social, ideological, and moral polarization
developed in the same way as among other professionals. But an
important peculiarity was that former chekisty (intelligence officers,
so-called after the early Soviet intelligence organization, the
Cheka), hired by the oligarchs, often served with greater devotion
than any other managers, and thus achieved the status of strategists
for Russia's new billionaires.
Could Putin behave openly and sincerely under these domestic
circumstances, with a no less troublesome foreign policy situation?
Sometimes it seemed that he would like to, but during his first six
years in office, he was unable to.
A Plagiarized Misconception
Putin delivered his latest surprise for the Russian media community
on the evening of June 15 in Shanghai, China, in a half-dark room on
the 32nd floor of a huge hotel, where the Russian delegation resided
during the summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO).
A famous Russian journalist, Kommersant's Andrei Kolesnikov, was
trying to extract as much information from the President as possible.
The more answers he got, the more he was puzzled, as his readers would
also be, since they are well educated in the subtle details of everyday
Kremlinology, but terribly ignorant of the crucial contradictions in
the global economy.
The President was in a good mood, which he explained with one sentence:
"We have never had such friendly relations with China."
Putin emphasized the significance of Russia's economic relations with
Iran, and the commitment of both countries to cooperate in the Caspian
basin and across Asia. On that evening, Russian and foreign mass media
were informed about a new transnational project, involving three major
countries of the region, and a corporation from the fourth country. The
three states, with a very complicated history of relations, were India,
Pakistan, and Iran. The corporation was Russia's Gazprom.
For the curious reporters, that was a pretext to raise their favorite
issue: the person of Deputy Premier Dmitri Medvedev, chairman of
the board of Gazprom, and a graduate of the same Law Faculty of the
same Leningrad University as Vladimir Putin. So, is it true that he
is the President's preferred successor, while Defense Minister and
Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov, sharing the President's own
intelligence background, is his bitter rival?
Surprisingly, the answer followed immediately. Putin explained that the
duet of Medvedev and Ivanov, with their special distribution of most
important missions in the government, was established at the request
of Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov. "Didn't you know?" he inquired.
On behalf of the journalist team, Komersant's author admits: no,
we did not. That idea never entered our minds. Why? Because of the
fabulous secrecy of Putin's decision-making, or due to what a Russian
author once called "lazy brains"?
Since the 1990s, analysts had interpreted Russian state policy in terms
of "balance" and "unbalance." Such terms might have been appropriate
for Yeltsin's personnel policies, but his successor's thinking and
behavior could not be grasped in such a simple way. Yet even six
years after Yeltsin's resignation, political experts were unable
to apprehend the qualitative differences between his personality
and Putin's, noticing a clear contrast only in self-expression and
everyday habits. Applying the same mold to the new leader, the expert
community missed a most significant distinction: Putin's ability to
draw lessons from his own experience.
By the Summer of 2006, when the accumulation of changes displayed
itself as a spectacular shift in the character of Russian domestic
and foreign policy, the linearly thinking analysts found themselves
completely helpless.
How could they recognize this shift, if even the figure of the Prime
Minister was viewed by them as a mere "technocrat," without regard
for Fradkov's background as trade envoy in India, deputy chairman
of the U.S.S.R.'s Foreign Trade Committee and later of the Russian
Federation's Foreign Trade Ministry, then head of the Federal Tax
Police, and Russia's representative to the European Union? Why was
he seen as a "technocrat"? Only because the choice of the new Prime
Minister, back in Summer 2004, did not match the artificial division
of the establishment into "liberals" and "force figures" (the notorious
siloviki), introduced by the overrated analyst Gleb Pavlovsky.
This black-and-white pattern was conveniently plagiarized by Western
experts, whose own linear thinking missed the simple fact that
Pavlovsky's views reflected not reality, but rather an attempt to
manipulate this reality by interpreting it. The narrow-mindedness of
Western authors, who continued to reproduce this simplistic pattern
for half a decade, reflected nothing but the mental heritage of the
Cold War. On issues of Russian policy, both domestic and foreign
politologists have fallen into the trap of their own constructs.
When the "technical" Premier proposed to divide the Ministry of
Economy Development and Trade, this initiative was viewed as a "game"
by the chekisty. Yet one day later, the President discharged Prosecutor
General Vladimir Ustinov, regarded as a key ally of the chekisty.
This replacement, naturally, was the next subject of the discussion
in that Shanghai hotel room. Again, the President was quite sincere,
explaining that Ustinov would get a new appointment, to another top
government position. Five days later, his new job was made public:
Minister of Justice.
Despite Putin's prompting, not a single expert was able to guess that
the apparent demotion of Ustinov did not spell the end of his career.
Similarly, none foresaw that ex-Justice Minister Yuri Chaika would be
named prosecutor general. What was widely regarded as a power struggle
turned out to be a "castling" of two top officials, equally trusted
by the Kremlin, for reasons possibly related to the administration
of Russia's major state-owned energy-exporting firms. Perhaps Putin
will reveal the details in his memoirs, a couple of decades hence.
A Farewell to Curtsies
Putin's Shanghai remarks followed the jubilee summit of the
SCO, which includes Russia, China, and four countries of Central
Asia. The presence of top political figures from all the strategically
important countries of the region, including the Presidents of Iran
and Afghanistan, demonstrated that the SCO represents far more than
a mechanical "counterbalance" to U.S. forays in the region, as it is
traditionally viewed in both Russian and Western media.
This fact was understood at least by Kommersant's author, based on
his experience at the Tenth International Economic Forum in St.
Petersburg, which Putin attended immediately prior to the SCO summit.
Writing about First Deputy Prime Minister Medvedev's address to
the Forum's international guests, Kommersant expressed alarm that
Medvedev, widely regarded as Putin's successor, "made not a single
curtsy to liberalism."
What was the opposition liberal paper, a formerly respectable business
weekly, transformed into a biased political leak sheet since its
takeover by Boris Berezovsky, so nervous about?
Medvedev, according to the Pavlovsky scheme, had been regarded as
a model "liberal," as opposed to the siloviki from the security and
military services. Moreover, Medvedev was supposed to represent the
"liberal faction" within Gazprom. His St. Petersburg speech shattered
this construct.
Secondly, Medvedev dared to address the most painful subject for
a Russian liberal: the state of affairs in the global financial
community, whose agents of influence had directly shaped the mentality
and activity of Russia's first post-Soviet governments. The absence
of "curtsies to liberalism" indicated that the relevant Russian
institutions and parties are doomed.
Medvedev stated plainly that the global financial system is
undergoing a crisis, which will result in a dramatic change in the
years immediately ahead. In the context of this warning, which it is
hard to imagine his making even one year ago, Medvedev reiterated the
idea that the Russian ruble could become one of the world's reserve
currencies. Further, he said that Russia, perceived today primarily
as a supplier of oil and gas, should elevate its role in the global
division of labor. How, exactly? The answer was more than clear:
The economic engine for such an elevation is the strategy of creating
international infrastructure corridors.
The Iran-India-Pakistan gas pipeline project, discussed two days later
in Shanghai, served as a good example of an economic policy, designed
for the new era that would begin with the referenced dramatic change
in international finances. Kommersant's authors should have said more:
Medvedev's presentation did not contain any curtsy to the current
concept of monocentric globalism; instead, it alluded to the guidelines
of a new policy, which really was first formulated by Lyndon LaRouche.
Confirming that the "no-curtsy" approach was not merely a spin-off of
Medvedev's personal views, Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin suddenly
started talking about the Russian economy's need for long-term,
low-interest loans to finance strategic investments. Days later, Kudrin
agreed for a 25% increase of disbursements from the Federal budget
into the government's Investment Fund. Simultaneously, the Finance
Ministry initiated a return to a progressive income tax, from the
flat-tax system instituted by neo-liberal ideologues some years ago.
International media focussed more on Kudrin's push to make early
repayment of the remaining part of Russia's debt to the Paris Club
of state-to-state creditors. The proposal was echoed by Putin, who
said in St. Peterburg, "By boosting the amount of foreign currency
reserves and by repaying a comparable amount of Russia's foreign
debt, we have established Russia's economic independence." The goal of
national economic independence was made public for the first time in 15
years. The time has arrived, in what the Finance Minister characterized
as "a new economic reality." Not more than that, but not less.
For two months prior, liberal papers had been chanting that the
Russian leadership would make a number of compromises, in order to
please the G-8 countries on the eve of the July 15 summit in St.
Petersburg, especially for the purpose of accelerating Russia's leap
into the World Trade Organization (WTO). The globalist "fifth column"
in the Russian media excitedly quoted John Snow, the former U.S.
Treasury Secretary, as foreseeing Russia's possible accession to the
WTO before the July summit.
But Medvedev and, later, Economics Minister German Gref both made
clear that Russia is in no hurry to join the major institution of
economic globalism. Speaking to journalists during the informal media
session in Shanghai, Putin put an end to speculation on this issue,
pointing out that Russia is not going to accept double standards:
"It is hard to negotiate when our colleagues from the United States
are raising issues that had been regarded as resolved. As a matter of
fact, they are trying to coordinate our entry not with the rules of
the WTO, but with their own national legislation. This is unserious."
Thus it was clear that the "no-curtsy" principle had been chosen by
the President himself.
Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov expressed the same principle in
a diplomatic setting, with especially subtle irony. At the June
29 Moscow press conference of G-8 foreign ministers, just hours
after being caught on tape needling and harping at Lavrov over Iraq
and Iran issues, U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice gave a
particularly inane, condescending account of how she views "democracy"
in Russia. Noting that she had first visited Russia in 1979, Rice
averred that she had "noticed many changes since then."
"What a coincidence," rejoined Lavrov, "1979 was also the year of my
own first visit to the United States, and I, too, have noticed many
changes, which we shall discuss with the U.S. leadership." Rice was
visibly nonplussed.
The Sinking Beacons
"Russia should develop both to the West and the East," declared
Medvedev in St. Petersburg. During June the schedule of Russia's
President was dominated by diplomacy in the East. He spent five days
in Shanghai and Astana, Kazakstan. Before that remarkable tour, Putin
received the chairman of the Organization of the Islamic Conference;
after the Asia tour, he held a meeting with the Prime Minister
of Turkey.
What the international media calls a "turn toward the East" was
predetermined by what happened during the past two decades of Moscow's
relations with the Western political and financial community. Two
decades ago, the alluring brilliance of the West's prosperity seduced
millions of Soviet consumers, including the younger generation of the
U.S.S.R.'s elite. While members of what Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev
had declared to be a "new historical community of humans, the Soviet
people," were turning toward a new glistening beacon-namely, a Western
supermarket-professional anti-Communists triumphantly celebrated the
collapse of the "Iron Curtain," viewed as the West's victory in the
Cold War.
In that heady time at the end of the 1980s, sober warnings about
the West's own imminent decline were neglected. Lyndon laRouche,
the author of the SDI-based concept of mutual scientific progress of
the West and the East, was kept away from the public in a prison cell.
His imprisonment reflected the profound immorality, which was soon
to begin steadily, year after year, converting geopolitical triumph
into miserable strategic doom.
The light of the West's globalist beacon faded in the eyes of Russians
with every shock-therapy decree; with every layoff at a newly deserted
giant of industry; with every shell that in 1993 struck the charred
wall of the freely elected but too disobedient Parliament; with the
end of the ex-Soviet national space program; with chilling news from
the spreading areas of irregular warfare, located right along the
line of Anglo-American corporations' unbridled appetites.
For the flight-forward ideologues of the globalist world order, the
obviously ripening shift in Russian minds served as an argument for
more provocational expansion. The new campaign was more a political
offensive than an economic one. First came the simultaneous enlargement
of the EU and NATO in May 2003. Then, a series of coups d'etat along
Russia's borders, triumphantly described as "democratic revolutions."
Ironically, this new crusade, instead of inspiring more nations with
the advantages of universal democracy, exposed, to an unprecedented
extent, the shoddy quality of globalist policies. Most impressive was
the example of misfortunate Ukraine, where a successful coup d'etat,
celebrated in Washington and Brussels, led, in less than a year,
to a miserable state of political paralysis.
In Tashkent, Bishkek, and Astana, similar coup plans met stiff
resistance, having the net effect of a shrinkage of the Anglo-American
military influence in the region, and a boost of strategic cooperation
between Moscow and Beijing.
The "colored revolution" design (orange for Ukraine, rose for Georgia,
etc.), which was officially declared by George W. Bush as a principal
strategy, undermined the economy in the post-Soviet countries where
it took hold. With every bloody clash in the devastated Iraq, also
officially declared a model democracy, "globalism" and "disaster"
were becoming synonyms. The ugliness of the Bush-Cheney "export of
democracy" to Iraq, with its too visible underpinning of corporate
greed, was the last argument for many Russians who had continued to
be enthralled by the beacon of the West.
The continuous alarmist mantra of the international press, focussed
on Russia's reluctance to accept allegedly universal globalist values
and standards of behavior, sounds today more and more amusing to
Russians themselves, especially when their own views are interpreted
as the result of chekist pressure. Why should the notorious chekisty
be blamed for the defeat of Russian liberal parties in the Duma
elections of 2003? Or, for the alienation of unrecognized breakaway
areas in Georgia and Moldavia from their "mother democracies"? Or,
finally, for the commitment of Russia's leadership to a stronger
partnership with Southeast Asia, where there is the prospect of more
promising export markets, as well as joint scientific projects with
the emerging economies?
The stupidity of the alarmist arguments, multiplied in the
international media in May and June, is viewed in Russia as one more
symptom of a progressive paralysis of the globalist concept. The
diplomatic agenda of June 2006 confirmed this perception. The fruitful
new round of Russian diplomacy with major Asian nations coincided
with spectacular displays of disarray in the ranks of the community of
"winners of the Cold War."
In June, Italy became the latest European country to decide to withdraw
its troops from Iraq. In June, the U.S. President was rebuffed by
the Supreme Court over the illegitimate exercise of authority in the
Guantanamo penitentiary. In June, a squad of NATO troops, arriving in
Feodosia, Crimea (Ukraine), was driven away not by Russian siloviki,
but by political demonstrations. The picketers condemned the would-be
"guardians of democracy," inclusively for undermining the region's
income from tourism. NATO's Sea Breeze-2006 maneuvers were stymied.
In June, WTO President Pascal Lamy warned of the possibility of a
collapse of the organization, to which Russia is supposed to pay an
expensive entry ticket. A debate among the EU, the United States,
and the emerging economies of the G-20, lasting for five years,
has led into a blind alley.
Will the anticipation of a qualitative change in global policy,
expressed in Medvedev's presentation, introduce a new agenda for
global trade issues? Will the most powerful states of the world,
seeking to prevent the implication of the financial collapse, have
enough time and responsibility to develop a new language of dialogue,
not based on Cold War stereotypes? By starting his Message to the
Federal Assembly, delivered in May, with a quotation from Franklin
Delano Roosevelt, Putin sent a clear message also to Washington. Why
not start the revision of the global economic affairs with the equally
critical problems of Russian agricultural workers and American farmers?
A Railroad, a Highway, and a Sun
The doom of respectable global institutions has touched off hysterics
in the Russian liberal media. Like their counterparts in the West, they
launched a campaign against the Kremlin on the eve of the G-8 summit,
energetically hyping its importance, while even more enthusiastically
predicting its failure. At first, the professed skeptics trumpeted
in unison that President Bush would boycott the event. This scenario
was retailed many times, before Condoleezza Rice announced that Bush
is still coming to St. Petersburg.
Other pessimistic remarks focussed on Russia's unequal status in
the G-8. Readers were told that probably Russia's finance minister
would be not invited to the strategic discussion of global financial
affairs. When all the ministers still arrived in St. Petersburg,
and listened to Russia's top state financial officials attentively,
the skeptics then forecast a failure of Russian-German financial
negotiations. After this pessimistic forecast also burst, observers
predicted a collapse of Russia's talks with the Paris Club.
Still, on June 29, the Paris Club agreed to accept Russia's early
repayment of its remaining $22.3 billion Paris Club debt. The following
day, the Russian government removed all capital transfer restrictions,
making the Russian ruble officially fully convertible. The same liberal
authors who used to promote the ruble's convertibility, now raise
doubts about the danger of too great an influx of foreign capital,
as well as the possibility that, in the event of a collapse of oil
prices, a convertible ruble would ruin the economy.
Meanwhile, the Finance Minister announces his decision to convey
over $5 billion, economized due to the early Paris Club repayment, to
the government's Investment Fund, designed for domestic investments
in large-scale projects. On the same day, the President discusses
the investment policy with leaders of the United Russia Party. The
discussion is focussed on highway infrastructure as a fundamental
factor for the national economy.
On June 14 Sergei Kiriyenko, former co-chairman of the liberal Union
of Right Alliance, travels, in his new capacity as chairman of the
Federal nuclear energy agency, to Severodvinsk, the once-famous
nuclear-submarine-building center. He announces a unique project
of floating nuclear power plants, also usable for desalination of
sea water, which are going to be produced both for domestic needs
and for export. The design belongs to the St. Petersburg-based
Atomenergoproyekt Institute.
The most impressive scientific presentation of the month was also made
in the President's native city, St. Petersburg. On the first day of
the International Economic Forum, the annual Global Energy Prize was
presented to an international team, involved in the project of the
International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The prize
was awarded to Yevgeni Velikhov, president of the Kurchatov Center
and chairman of Russia's Public Chamber; to Robert Aymar, general
director of the European Nuclear Research Center (CERN); and to Masaji
Yoshikawa, a director of Japan's Thermonuclear Research Council.
In his speech, Academician Velikhov recalled that the project to
build a "man-made sun" was started in the U.S.S.R., which proposed to
unify the efforts of four major international programs on controlled
thermonuclear fusion: those of the Soviet Union, the U.S.A., Europe,
and Japan. The feasibility study was completed, however, only in
2001. Four years later, the parties agreed to choose the Cadarache
Nuclear Center, France, as the site for construction of the reactor.
Months later, the project was joined by India.
Beware the Loft!
Ridiculing the new wave of "Russophobia," pouring from the pages of
American papers on the eve of the G-8 summit, London Guardian author
Jonathan Steele explained this hysterical chorus in terms of the U.S.
neo-cons' rage over Russia's increasing independence in economic and
political affairs. Steele characterized Dick Cheney's April tirade
against Russia, delivered in Vilnius, Lithuania, as the most arrogant
attack on Russia since 1991, illustrating Cheney's hypocrisy by citing
his exceptionally friendly treatment of Kazakstan-where he was about
to seek economic concessions. Kazakstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev
signed a commitment to supply oil to the Americans' favorite pipeline
project, from Baku, Azerbaijan to Ceyhan, Turkey.
Putin appeared unperturbed by Nazarbayev's concession to Cheney.
Simple calculations suggest an additional 3 million tons of crude
annually will not change the weather above the Caspian. For Kazakstan,
participation in Russia's space program is more important than the
export of oil, which it exports not only northward (to Russia) and
westward (for Baku-Ceyhan), but, most of all, to China in the East.
In June, the Russian audience learned from a respectable U.S. author
that Bush's White House has cooked one more pancake: a project for
Ukraine's "express" entry into NATO. A similar pancake, according to
informed private sources, is being cooked in Armenia, involving a
"peacekeeping" siege of the unrecognized Karabakh Republic, and a
"humanitarian" control of this republic's border with Iran. The
character of the preparations, especially in Armenia, indicates that
the most vicious options, involving U.S. military force, cannot be
ruled out.
Even such a strong critic of Russia's policies as Nikolay Zlobin of the
World Security Institute says in a recent interview with the Polit.ru
website, "The United States often doesn't understand what it is doing."
Harvard's Kenneth Rogoff points out that Putin might well be envied by
every other G-8 leader, since he is the only one of them who could be
re-elected, if he wishes, tomorrow. The point is well taken. It could
be added that Washington's preferred alternative to Putin, former Prime
Minister Mikhail Kasyanov, is, by contrast, the most colorless "colored
revolution" stooge ever contemplated. And his greatest blunder was
not the hasty purchase of a country house on his last day in office,
but his public statements in support of the business oligarchs.
Openly, Vladimir Putin declared only once, at the start of his first
Presidential term, that "the oligarchs should be kept equally distant"
from state power. This remark was later ridiculed, as not all of the
tycoons were distanced at the same moment.
Today, however, it is quite obvious that the leading role in the
Russian economy has been acquired by state-dominated corporations and
banks, while the previously dominant privately owned oligarchical
groups are now unable to dictate their will to the state, or to
privatize Russia's foreign policy.
Today, international financial institutions no longer dictate Russia's
budget policy. Not only the Federal authorities, but also Russia's
regions are refusing to borrow from the World Bank. Numerous foreign
non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which freely operated in
the country in Yeltsin's time, are now forced either to comply with
newly adopted legislative restrictions, or to curtail their activity
in Russia.
Today, persons in the government who had earned their reputations
as free-market liberals, are displaying a shift in the direction
of dirigist economic policies. Meanwhile, libertarian blockheads,
typified by von Hayekian professor Yevgeni Yasin and ex-Presidential
Advisor Andrei Illarionov, are alienated from policy-making.
The preparations for this change required a long time, great patience,
personal courage, and a high level of privacy in decision-making. June
2006 was a month of surprises, unravelling one after another.
Take Finance Minister Kudrin's exclamation that "Russia will no
longer stand with an outstretched hand!" Or, Medvedev's promotion of
the ruble as a world reserve currency. And Gazprom's rapid-fire move
into numerous European markets, with new export agreements.
Or, the surprise initiatives of Russia's Nuclear Energy Agency,
echoed by Defense Minister Ivanov's surprise directive, announced
in St. Petersburg, that 90% of Russia's military production should
involve dual-use technologies.
A strategic shift, equally in political, economic, foreign,
and public affairs, is quite evident. This does not mean that it
is irreversible. The recent example of Ukraine, where the first
economic results of Victor Yanukovich's government were buried by
the postmodernist coup d'etat, labeled a "revolution," at the end of
2004, exemplifies the fragility of a political construction, in which
the leader who has some progressive intentions is separated from the
people by a formidable barrier, such as the powerful parasitic class,
rooted back in the late Soviet period, to which most of today's
criminal groups owe their rise.
"Do you enjoy visiting your native city?" a journalist asked Putin in
Shanghai. Again, Putin was unusually sincere. "I'd like to," he said.
"But in my native city, I am also surrounded by bodyguards."
On June 29, just two weeks before the G-8 summit, the St. Petersburg
police discovered a cache of weapons in the loft of a house on
Moskovsky Prospect, facing the official delegations' motorcade route.
Similar preparations were made by unidentified persons in September
2004, when the President was going to arrive in St. Petersburg with
Yanukovich. Half a year before, Russian and Israeli intelligence
sources warned the Kremlin about an assassination attempt, designed
by one of the most arrogant emigre oligarchs: The idea was to make
the colorless Prime Minister acting President, and then parachute
him into the Russian "throne."
Many times in Russian, American, and European history, promising
intentions of general benefit have been reversed by means of the
physical extermination of those who dared to express them aloud.
Putin's manner of secret decision-making, followed by surprise moves,
is well substantiated.
http://www.larouchepub.com/other/2 006/3328russia_surprises.html
July 10 2006
This article appears in the July 14, 2006 issue of Executive
Intelligence Review.
June in Russia: A Month of Surprises
by Roman Bessonov
Since his elevation to the Russian Presidency in 1999, Vladimir
Putin regularly takes political analysts by surprise. This year it
is happening more and more frequently.
For professional political analysts, Putin's decisions in diplomacy,
foreign trade, and domestic policy, especially when it comes to
personnel assignments, bring on real headaches. Forced to give some
plausible explanation of the latest trip abroad, or a new appointment
at home, the commentators often invent two or three parallel versions
of what might be behind it. Sometimes it turns out that all the
explanations were wrong, and the real significance of the event is
revealed months, or even years, later.
After a series of such analytic flops, the disgraced domestic and
foreign pundits have found an excuse for their own lack of insight:
Allegedly, Putin's unpredictability is rooted in his former career
in the intelligence service.
This theory is less than convincing. Two previous candidates to succeed
Boris Yeltsin as President, Yevgeni Primakov and Sergei Stepashin, also
originated from the intelligence community. But their major political
moves were fairly predictable. It was impossible to miss, for instance,
that Primakov would strike a political alliance with Moscow Mayor Yuri
Luzhkov and then-Prosecutor General Yuri Skuratov. The same goes for
Stepashin's clumsy flirtation with ex-Premier Victor Chernomyrdin and
the latter's U.S. partner, Al Gore, on the eve of both the Russian
and the American Presidential elections in 2000.
The disgrace of these contenders for the succession was explained at
the time by Yeltsin's suspicious nature. He was presumed to be trying
to make sure that his name would not be smeared, and his family would
not face problems, after he retired.
Power transitions in Russia historically have been really
troublesome. But egocentric fear was not necessarily Yeltsin's sole
motive. Persons close to him indicate that the ambitious ex-chief of
the Sverdlovsk Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union
was less than satisfied with the political place and reputation he had
earned, due precisely to the policies of his patrons and sympathizers
in the West. Consciously or subconsciously, Yeltsin could have been
trying to select a successor, who would not share his weak points;
who would be most likely to avoid his mistakes, and to serve as a
guarantor not only of his own family interests, but of something
larger-what he regarded as the "throne."
In two years of work as Russia's national security chief, a post he
entered by surprise, at the unprecedentedly low rank of colonel,
Vladimir Putin had earned the highest confidence. Which of his
qualities impressed Yeltsin? This secret has never been revealed in
any of the numerous writings of the elder or the younger political
careerists, as they attempted to hype their own role in the
non-transparent selection of Putin.
In August 1999, informed observers were expecting the replacement
of the Prime Minister. Still, none of the renowned specialists in
politics and political psychology could explain why precisely Putin
was the one who appeared to become Yeltsin's new and last favorite.
None of those specialists ever tried to estimate the real challenge
faced by Putin when he inherited the authority to govern, with only
two years of experience in a top position, the ambiguous status of
being chosen by a very unpopular predecessor, no experience in military
affairs, and a great lack of knowledge of national and global economic
reality at a time of epochal changes.
Seven years have passed since the Summer of 1999, when Yeltsin
resigned, entrusting to Putin the immense burden of responsibility over
this huge country, which he received with half-stalled industries,
abandoned agriculture, a dysfunctional tax system, and huge gaps in
revenue. Social guarantees had collapsed; wage and pension arrears
were unpaid in many regions for months or years. Financial oligarchs,
well protected at home and abroad, exercised arbitrary rule over
parts of the economy. Russia's military and security capabilities
were devastated, hardly able to deal with a terrorist insurgency
along the strategic southern borders.
It was a complicated mess, where all the fragmented social groups were
interwoven in murky connections. The posterity of first post-Soviet
Premier Yegor Gaidar's "institutionalist" reforms, along with the
later deals between a shaky Kremlin and unbridled nouveaux riches,
had given birth to powerful clans, involving state officials,
businessmen, customs officials, police officers, and gangsters. The
control of electronic mass media by the very people who donated
money and equipment to armed separatists was just one example. This
perversion was described neither in social science textbooks, nor in
classified intelligence reports.
Could he improve the situation by focussing on any particular problem,
without involving others? In order to re-establish social security,
it was necessary to increase revenue. In order to gain control
over the egocentric private interests, one needed to reinforce the
government apparatus. In order to combat separatist tendencies,
the entire administrative system needed to be completely reorganized.
Could a perverted reality be managed by any ordinary means? A good
lesson was the purge in Gazprom, which Putin initiated too soon, too
abruptly, and too openly. Before the new team could start its work,
half of the natural gas monopoly's assets were siphoned off into
private havens, and it took the company over a year to recoup them.
Could Putin rely on his own intelligence community? Since the early
1990s, a lot of qualified officers had resigned from the intelligence
bodies, joining banks and corporations, where they could achieve a
far higher social status than before. In the depleted ranks of the
intelligence community, social, ideological, and moral polarization
developed in the same way as among other professionals. But an
important peculiarity was that former chekisty (intelligence officers,
so-called after the early Soviet intelligence organization, the
Cheka), hired by the oligarchs, often served with greater devotion
than any other managers, and thus achieved the status of strategists
for Russia's new billionaires.
Could Putin behave openly and sincerely under these domestic
circumstances, with a no less troublesome foreign policy situation?
Sometimes it seemed that he would like to, but during his first six
years in office, he was unable to.
A Plagiarized Misconception
Putin delivered his latest surprise for the Russian media community
on the evening of June 15 in Shanghai, China, in a half-dark room on
the 32nd floor of a huge hotel, where the Russian delegation resided
during the summit of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO).
A famous Russian journalist, Kommersant's Andrei Kolesnikov, was
trying to extract as much information from the President as possible.
The more answers he got, the more he was puzzled, as his readers would
also be, since they are well educated in the subtle details of everyday
Kremlinology, but terribly ignorant of the crucial contradictions in
the global economy.
The President was in a good mood, which he explained with one sentence:
"We have never had such friendly relations with China."
Putin emphasized the significance of Russia's economic relations with
Iran, and the commitment of both countries to cooperate in the Caspian
basin and across Asia. On that evening, Russian and foreign mass media
were informed about a new transnational project, involving three major
countries of the region, and a corporation from the fourth country. The
three states, with a very complicated history of relations, were India,
Pakistan, and Iran. The corporation was Russia's Gazprom.
For the curious reporters, that was a pretext to raise their favorite
issue: the person of Deputy Premier Dmitri Medvedev, chairman of
the board of Gazprom, and a graduate of the same Law Faculty of the
same Leningrad University as Vladimir Putin. So, is it true that he
is the President's preferred successor, while Defense Minister and
Deputy Prime Minister Sergei Ivanov, sharing the President's own
intelligence background, is his bitter rival?
Surprisingly, the answer followed immediately. Putin explained that the
duet of Medvedev and Ivanov, with their special distribution of most
important missions in the government, was established at the request
of Prime Minister Mikhail Fradkov. "Didn't you know?" he inquired.
On behalf of the journalist team, Komersant's author admits: no,
we did not. That idea never entered our minds. Why? Because of the
fabulous secrecy of Putin's decision-making, or due to what a Russian
author once called "lazy brains"?
Since the 1990s, analysts had interpreted Russian state policy in terms
of "balance" and "unbalance." Such terms might have been appropriate
for Yeltsin's personnel policies, but his successor's thinking and
behavior could not be grasped in such a simple way. Yet even six
years after Yeltsin's resignation, political experts were unable
to apprehend the qualitative differences between his personality
and Putin's, noticing a clear contrast only in self-expression and
everyday habits. Applying the same mold to the new leader, the expert
community missed a most significant distinction: Putin's ability to
draw lessons from his own experience.
By the Summer of 2006, when the accumulation of changes displayed
itself as a spectacular shift in the character of Russian domestic
and foreign policy, the linearly thinking analysts found themselves
completely helpless.
How could they recognize this shift, if even the figure of the Prime
Minister was viewed by them as a mere "technocrat," without regard
for Fradkov's background as trade envoy in India, deputy chairman
of the U.S.S.R.'s Foreign Trade Committee and later of the Russian
Federation's Foreign Trade Ministry, then head of the Federal Tax
Police, and Russia's representative to the European Union? Why was
he seen as a "technocrat"? Only because the choice of the new Prime
Minister, back in Summer 2004, did not match the artificial division
of the establishment into "liberals" and "force figures" (the notorious
siloviki), introduced by the overrated analyst Gleb Pavlovsky.
This black-and-white pattern was conveniently plagiarized by Western
experts, whose own linear thinking missed the simple fact that
Pavlovsky's views reflected not reality, but rather an attempt to
manipulate this reality by interpreting it. The narrow-mindedness of
Western authors, who continued to reproduce this simplistic pattern
for half a decade, reflected nothing but the mental heritage of the
Cold War. On issues of Russian policy, both domestic and foreign
politologists have fallen into the trap of their own constructs.
When the "technical" Premier proposed to divide the Ministry of
Economy Development and Trade, this initiative was viewed as a "game"
by the chekisty. Yet one day later, the President discharged Prosecutor
General Vladimir Ustinov, regarded as a key ally of the chekisty.
This replacement, naturally, was the next subject of the discussion
in that Shanghai hotel room. Again, the President was quite sincere,
explaining that Ustinov would get a new appointment, to another top
government position. Five days later, his new job was made public:
Minister of Justice.
Despite Putin's prompting, not a single expert was able to guess that
the apparent demotion of Ustinov did not spell the end of his career.
Similarly, none foresaw that ex-Justice Minister Yuri Chaika would be
named prosecutor general. What was widely regarded as a power struggle
turned out to be a "castling" of two top officials, equally trusted
by the Kremlin, for reasons possibly related to the administration
of Russia's major state-owned energy-exporting firms. Perhaps Putin
will reveal the details in his memoirs, a couple of decades hence.
A Farewell to Curtsies
Putin's Shanghai remarks followed the jubilee summit of the
SCO, which includes Russia, China, and four countries of Central
Asia. The presence of top political figures from all the strategically
important countries of the region, including the Presidents of Iran
and Afghanistan, demonstrated that the SCO represents far more than
a mechanical "counterbalance" to U.S. forays in the region, as it is
traditionally viewed in both Russian and Western media.
This fact was understood at least by Kommersant's author, based on
his experience at the Tenth International Economic Forum in St.
Petersburg, which Putin attended immediately prior to the SCO summit.
Writing about First Deputy Prime Minister Medvedev's address to
the Forum's international guests, Kommersant expressed alarm that
Medvedev, widely regarded as Putin's successor, "made not a single
curtsy to liberalism."
What was the opposition liberal paper, a formerly respectable business
weekly, transformed into a biased political leak sheet since its
takeover by Boris Berezovsky, so nervous about?
Medvedev, according to the Pavlovsky scheme, had been regarded as
a model "liberal," as opposed to the siloviki from the security and
military services. Moreover, Medvedev was supposed to represent the
"liberal faction" within Gazprom. His St. Petersburg speech shattered
this construct.
Secondly, Medvedev dared to address the most painful subject for
a Russian liberal: the state of affairs in the global financial
community, whose agents of influence had directly shaped the mentality
and activity of Russia's first post-Soviet governments. The absence
of "curtsies to liberalism" indicated that the relevant Russian
institutions and parties are doomed.
Medvedev stated plainly that the global financial system is
undergoing a crisis, which will result in a dramatic change in the
years immediately ahead. In the context of this warning, which it is
hard to imagine his making even one year ago, Medvedev reiterated the
idea that the Russian ruble could become one of the world's reserve
currencies. Further, he said that Russia, perceived today primarily
as a supplier of oil and gas, should elevate its role in the global
division of labor. How, exactly? The answer was more than clear:
The economic engine for such an elevation is the strategy of creating
international infrastructure corridors.
The Iran-India-Pakistan gas pipeline project, discussed two days later
in Shanghai, served as a good example of an economic policy, designed
for the new era that would begin with the referenced dramatic change
in international finances. Kommersant's authors should have said more:
Medvedev's presentation did not contain any curtsy to the current
concept of monocentric globalism; instead, it alluded to the guidelines
of a new policy, which really was first formulated by Lyndon LaRouche.
Confirming that the "no-curtsy" approach was not merely a spin-off of
Medvedev's personal views, Finance Minister Alexei Kudrin suddenly
started talking about the Russian economy's need for long-term,
low-interest loans to finance strategic investments. Days later, Kudrin
agreed for a 25% increase of disbursements from the Federal budget
into the government's Investment Fund. Simultaneously, the Finance
Ministry initiated a return to a progressive income tax, from the
flat-tax system instituted by neo-liberal ideologues some years ago.
International media focussed more on Kudrin's push to make early
repayment of the remaining part of Russia's debt to the Paris Club
of state-to-state creditors. The proposal was echoed by Putin, who
said in St. Peterburg, "By boosting the amount of foreign currency
reserves and by repaying a comparable amount of Russia's foreign
debt, we have established Russia's economic independence." The goal of
national economic independence was made public for the first time in 15
years. The time has arrived, in what the Finance Minister characterized
as "a new economic reality." Not more than that, but not less.
For two months prior, liberal papers had been chanting that the
Russian leadership would make a number of compromises, in order to
please the G-8 countries on the eve of the July 15 summit in St.
Petersburg, especially for the purpose of accelerating Russia's leap
into the World Trade Organization (WTO). The globalist "fifth column"
in the Russian media excitedly quoted John Snow, the former U.S.
Treasury Secretary, as foreseeing Russia's possible accession to the
WTO before the July summit.
But Medvedev and, later, Economics Minister German Gref both made
clear that Russia is in no hurry to join the major institution of
economic globalism. Speaking to journalists during the informal media
session in Shanghai, Putin put an end to speculation on this issue,
pointing out that Russia is not going to accept double standards:
"It is hard to negotiate when our colleagues from the United States
are raising issues that had been regarded as resolved. As a matter of
fact, they are trying to coordinate our entry not with the rules of
the WTO, but with their own national legislation. This is unserious."
Thus it was clear that the "no-curtsy" principle had been chosen by
the President himself.
Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov expressed the same principle in
a diplomatic setting, with especially subtle irony. At the June
29 Moscow press conference of G-8 foreign ministers, just hours
after being caught on tape needling and harping at Lavrov over Iraq
and Iran issues, U.S. Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice gave a
particularly inane, condescending account of how she views "democracy"
in Russia. Noting that she had first visited Russia in 1979, Rice
averred that she had "noticed many changes since then."
"What a coincidence," rejoined Lavrov, "1979 was also the year of my
own first visit to the United States, and I, too, have noticed many
changes, which we shall discuss with the U.S. leadership." Rice was
visibly nonplussed.
The Sinking Beacons
"Russia should develop both to the West and the East," declared
Medvedev in St. Petersburg. During June the schedule of Russia's
President was dominated by diplomacy in the East. He spent five days
in Shanghai and Astana, Kazakstan. Before that remarkable tour, Putin
received the chairman of the Organization of the Islamic Conference;
after the Asia tour, he held a meeting with the Prime Minister
of Turkey.
What the international media calls a "turn toward the East" was
predetermined by what happened during the past two decades of Moscow's
relations with the Western political and financial community. Two
decades ago, the alluring brilliance of the West's prosperity seduced
millions of Soviet consumers, including the younger generation of the
U.S.S.R.'s elite. While members of what Soviet leader Leonid Brezhnev
had declared to be a "new historical community of humans, the Soviet
people," were turning toward a new glistening beacon-namely, a Western
supermarket-professional anti-Communists triumphantly celebrated the
collapse of the "Iron Curtain," viewed as the West's victory in the
Cold War.
In that heady time at the end of the 1980s, sober warnings about
the West's own imminent decline were neglected. Lyndon laRouche,
the author of the SDI-based concept of mutual scientific progress of
the West and the East, was kept away from the public in a prison cell.
His imprisonment reflected the profound immorality, which was soon
to begin steadily, year after year, converting geopolitical triumph
into miserable strategic doom.
The light of the West's globalist beacon faded in the eyes of Russians
with every shock-therapy decree; with every layoff at a newly deserted
giant of industry; with every shell that in 1993 struck the charred
wall of the freely elected but too disobedient Parliament; with the
end of the ex-Soviet national space program; with chilling news from
the spreading areas of irregular warfare, located right along the
line of Anglo-American corporations' unbridled appetites.
For the flight-forward ideologues of the globalist world order, the
obviously ripening shift in Russian minds served as an argument for
more provocational expansion. The new campaign was more a political
offensive than an economic one. First came the simultaneous enlargement
of the EU and NATO in May 2003. Then, a series of coups d'etat along
Russia's borders, triumphantly described as "democratic revolutions."
Ironically, this new crusade, instead of inspiring more nations with
the advantages of universal democracy, exposed, to an unprecedented
extent, the shoddy quality of globalist policies. Most impressive was
the example of misfortunate Ukraine, where a successful coup d'etat,
celebrated in Washington and Brussels, led, in less than a year,
to a miserable state of political paralysis.
In Tashkent, Bishkek, and Astana, similar coup plans met stiff
resistance, having the net effect of a shrinkage of the Anglo-American
military influence in the region, and a boost of strategic cooperation
between Moscow and Beijing.
The "colored revolution" design (orange for Ukraine, rose for Georgia,
etc.), which was officially declared by George W. Bush as a principal
strategy, undermined the economy in the post-Soviet countries where
it took hold. With every bloody clash in the devastated Iraq, also
officially declared a model democracy, "globalism" and "disaster"
were becoming synonyms. The ugliness of the Bush-Cheney "export of
democracy" to Iraq, with its too visible underpinning of corporate
greed, was the last argument for many Russians who had continued to
be enthralled by the beacon of the West.
The continuous alarmist mantra of the international press, focussed
on Russia's reluctance to accept allegedly universal globalist values
and standards of behavior, sounds today more and more amusing to
Russians themselves, especially when their own views are interpreted
as the result of chekist pressure. Why should the notorious chekisty
be blamed for the defeat of Russian liberal parties in the Duma
elections of 2003? Or, for the alienation of unrecognized breakaway
areas in Georgia and Moldavia from their "mother democracies"? Or,
finally, for the commitment of Russia's leadership to a stronger
partnership with Southeast Asia, where there is the prospect of more
promising export markets, as well as joint scientific projects with
the emerging economies?
The stupidity of the alarmist arguments, multiplied in the
international media in May and June, is viewed in Russia as one more
symptom of a progressive paralysis of the globalist concept. The
diplomatic agenda of June 2006 confirmed this perception. The fruitful
new round of Russian diplomacy with major Asian nations coincided
with spectacular displays of disarray in the ranks of the community of
"winners of the Cold War."
In June, Italy became the latest European country to decide to withdraw
its troops from Iraq. In June, the U.S. President was rebuffed by
the Supreme Court over the illegitimate exercise of authority in the
Guantanamo penitentiary. In June, a squad of NATO troops, arriving in
Feodosia, Crimea (Ukraine), was driven away not by Russian siloviki,
but by political demonstrations. The picketers condemned the would-be
"guardians of democracy," inclusively for undermining the region's
income from tourism. NATO's Sea Breeze-2006 maneuvers were stymied.
In June, WTO President Pascal Lamy warned of the possibility of a
collapse of the organization, to which Russia is supposed to pay an
expensive entry ticket. A debate among the EU, the United States,
and the emerging economies of the G-20, lasting for five years,
has led into a blind alley.
Will the anticipation of a qualitative change in global policy,
expressed in Medvedev's presentation, introduce a new agenda for
global trade issues? Will the most powerful states of the world,
seeking to prevent the implication of the financial collapse, have
enough time and responsibility to develop a new language of dialogue,
not based on Cold War stereotypes? By starting his Message to the
Federal Assembly, delivered in May, with a quotation from Franklin
Delano Roosevelt, Putin sent a clear message also to Washington. Why
not start the revision of the global economic affairs with the equally
critical problems of Russian agricultural workers and American farmers?
A Railroad, a Highway, and a Sun
The doom of respectable global institutions has touched off hysterics
in the Russian liberal media. Like their counterparts in the West, they
launched a campaign against the Kremlin on the eve of the G-8 summit,
energetically hyping its importance, while even more enthusiastically
predicting its failure. At first, the professed skeptics trumpeted
in unison that President Bush would boycott the event. This scenario
was retailed many times, before Condoleezza Rice announced that Bush
is still coming to St. Petersburg.
Other pessimistic remarks focussed on Russia's unequal status in
the G-8. Readers were told that probably Russia's finance minister
would be not invited to the strategic discussion of global financial
affairs. When all the ministers still arrived in St. Petersburg,
and listened to Russia's top state financial officials attentively,
the skeptics then forecast a failure of Russian-German financial
negotiations. After this pessimistic forecast also burst, observers
predicted a collapse of Russia's talks with the Paris Club.
Still, on June 29, the Paris Club agreed to accept Russia's early
repayment of its remaining $22.3 billion Paris Club debt. The following
day, the Russian government removed all capital transfer restrictions,
making the Russian ruble officially fully convertible. The same liberal
authors who used to promote the ruble's convertibility, now raise
doubts about the danger of too great an influx of foreign capital,
as well as the possibility that, in the event of a collapse of oil
prices, a convertible ruble would ruin the economy.
Meanwhile, the Finance Minister announces his decision to convey
over $5 billion, economized due to the early Paris Club repayment, to
the government's Investment Fund, designed for domestic investments
in large-scale projects. On the same day, the President discusses
the investment policy with leaders of the United Russia Party. The
discussion is focussed on highway infrastructure as a fundamental
factor for the national economy.
On June 14 Sergei Kiriyenko, former co-chairman of the liberal Union
of Right Alliance, travels, in his new capacity as chairman of the
Federal nuclear energy agency, to Severodvinsk, the once-famous
nuclear-submarine-building center. He announces a unique project
of floating nuclear power plants, also usable for desalination of
sea water, which are going to be produced both for domestic needs
and for export. The design belongs to the St. Petersburg-based
Atomenergoproyekt Institute.
The most impressive scientific presentation of the month was also made
in the President's native city, St. Petersburg. On the first day of
the International Economic Forum, the annual Global Energy Prize was
presented to an international team, involved in the project of the
International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER). The prize
was awarded to Yevgeni Velikhov, president of the Kurchatov Center
and chairman of Russia's Public Chamber; to Robert Aymar, general
director of the European Nuclear Research Center (CERN); and to Masaji
Yoshikawa, a director of Japan's Thermonuclear Research Council.
In his speech, Academician Velikhov recalled that the project to
build a "man-made sun" was started in the U.S.S.R., which proposed to
unify the efforts of four major international programs on controlled
thermonuclear fusion: those of the Soviet Union, the U.S.A., Europe,
and Japan. The feasibility study was completed, however, only in
2001. Four years later, the parties agreed to choose the Cadarache
Nuclear Center, France, as the site for construction of the reactor.
Months later, the project was joined by India.
Beware the Loft!
Ridiculing the new wave of "Russophobia," pouring from the pages of
American papers on the eve of the G-8 summit, London Guardian author
Jonathan Steele explained this hysterical chorus in terms of the U.S.
neo-cons' rage over Russia's increasing independence in economic and
political affairs. Steele characterized Dick Cheney's April tirade
against Russia, delivered in Vilnius, Lithuania, as the most arrogant
attack on Russia since 1991, illustrating Cheney's hypocrisy by citing
his exceptionally friendly treatment of Kazakstan-where he was about
to seek economic concessions. Kazakstan President Nursultan Nazarbayev
signed a commitment to supply oil to the Americans' favorite pipeline
project, from Baku, Azerbaijan to Ceyhan, Turkey.
Putin appeared unperturbed by Nazarbayev's concession to Cheney.
Simple calculations suggest an additional 3 million tons of crude
annually will not change the weather above the Caspian. For Kazakstan,
participation in Russia's space program is more important than the
export of oil, which it exports not only northward (to Russia) and
westward (for Baku-Ceyhan), but, most of all, to China in the East.
In June, the Russian audience learned from a respectable U.S. author
that Bush's White House has cooked one more pancake: a project for
Ukraine's "express" entry into NATO. A similar pancake, according to
informed private sources, is being cooked in Armenia, involving a
"peacekeeping" siege of the unrecognized Karabakh Republic, and a
"humanitarian" control of this republic's border with Iran. The
character of the preparations, especially in Armenia, indicates that
the most vicious options, involving U.S. military force, cannot be
ruled out.
Even such a strong critic of Russia's policies as Nikolay Zlobin of the
World Security Institute says in a recent interview with the Polit.ru
website, "The United States often doesn't understand what it is doing."
Harvard's Kenneth Rogoff points out that Putin might well be envied by
every other G-8 leader, since he is the only one of them who could be
re-elected, if he wishes, tomorrow. The point is well taken. It could
be added that Washington's preferred alternative to Putin, former Prime
Minister Mikhail Kasyanov, is, by contrast, the most colorless "colored
revolution" stooge ever contemplated. And his greatest blunder was
not the hasty purchase of a country house on his last day in office,
but his public statements in support of the business oligarchs.
Openly, Vladimir Putin declared only once, at the start of his first
Presidential term, that "the oligarchs should be kept equally distant"
from state power. This remark was later ridiculed, as not all of the
tycoons were distanced at the same moment.
Today, however, it is quite obvious that the leading role in the
Russian economy has been acquired by state-dominated corporations and
banks, while the previously dominant privately owned oligarchical
groups are now unable to dictate their will to the state, or to
privatize Russia's foreign policy.
Today, international financial institutions no longer dictate Russia's
budget policy. Not only the Federal authorities, but also Russia's
regions are refusing to borrow from the World Bank. Numerous foreign
non-governmental organizations (NGOs), which freely operated in
the country in Yeltsin's time, are now forced either to comply with
newly adopted legislative restrictions, or to curtail their activity
in Russia.
Today, persons in the government who had earned their reputations
as free-market liberals, are displaying a shift in the direction
of dirigist economic policies. Meanwhile, libertarian blockheads,
typified by von Hayekian professor Yevgeni Yasin and ex-Presidential
Advisor Andrei Illarionov, are alienated from policy-making.
The preparations for this change required a long time, great patience,
personal courage, and a high level of privacy in decision-making. June
2006 was a month of surprises, unravelling one after another.
Take Finance Minister Kudrin's exclamation that "Russia will no
longer stand with an outstretched hand!" Or, Medvedev's promotion of
the ruble as a world reserve currency. And Gazprom's rapid-fire move
into numerous European markets, with new export agreements.
Or, the surprise initiatives of Russia's Nuclear Energy Agency,
echoed by Defense Minister Ivanov's surprise directive, announced
in St. Petersburg, that 90% of Russia's military production should
involve dual-use technologies.
A strategic shift, equally in political, economic, foreign,
and public affairs, is quite evident. This does not mean that it
is irreversible. The recent example of Ukraine, where the first
economic results of Victor Yanukovich's government were buried by
the postmodernist coup d'etat, labeled a "revolution," at the end of
2004, exemplifies the fragility of a political construction, in which
the leader who has some progressive intentions is separated from the
people by a formidable barrier, such as the powerful parasitic class,
rooted back in the late Soviet period, to which most of today's
criminal groups owe their rise.
"Do you enjoy visiting your native city?" a journalist asked Putin in
Shanghai. Again, Putin was unusually sincere. "I'd like to," he said.
"But in my native city, I am also surrounded by bodyguards."
On June 29, just two weeks before the G-8 summit, the St. Petersburg
police discovered a cache of weapons in the loft of a house on
Moskovsky Prospect, facing the official delegations' motorcade route.
Similar preparations were made by unidentified persons in September
2004, when the President was going to arrive in St. Petersburg with
Yanukovich. Half a year before, Russian and Israeli intelligence
sources warned the Kremlin about an assassination attempt, designed
by one of the most arrogant emigre oligarchs: The idea was to make
the colorless Prime Minister acting President, and then parachute
him into the Russian "throne."
Many times in Russian, American, and European history, promising
intentions of general benefit have been reversed by means of the
physical extermination of those who dared to express them aloud.
Putin's manner of secret decision-making, followed by surprise moves,
is well substantiated.
http://www.larouchepub.com/other/2 006/3328russia_surprises.html